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The galvanizing process accounts for 47% of the world's annual consumption of zinc.
Reference: LME
The chemical composition of the steel is very important to the quality of the galvanized coating since a metallurgical reaction between the zinc and the iron is occurring.
As an example, silicon contents in the steel between 0.05% - 0.11% and above 0.25% will cause the zinc–iron alloy layers to grow abnormally fast. In fact, the silicon causes the galvanizing reaction to continue unabated and the outermost pure zinc layer is eventually consumed in the process. This not only causes the coating to be thicker than normal, but the coating will also most likely consist entirely of alloy layers. The increased presence of these alloy layers in the resulting coating are often brittle and appear as a dark gray, matte finish.
Steel compositions that affect the coating formation and properties in this manner are referred to as “reactive steels”.
| Structural Shapes and Plates: | ||
|---|---|---|
| A36 A283 | A572 | A529 |
| A242 Type 2 A501 | A500 | A588 |
| Steel for Sheet Metal: | ||
| A1011 | ||
| Steel for Pipe or Tubing: | ||
| A53 | A595 Grade A or B | |
| Steel for Fasteners: | ||
| Material Type | Bolt Material | Nut Material |
| Carbon Steel High Strength: | A570 | A563 Grade A |
| A325 Type 1 | A563 Grade DH | |
| Tower Bolts: | A394 | A563 Grade A |
| Quenched & Tempered Carbon Steel Bolts: | A449 | A563 Grace C |
| Quenched & Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts: | A354 Grade BC | A563 Grade DH |
General Considerations
The generic composition of a steel to be galvanized that will produce
an acceptable coating will be carbon less than 0.25%, phosphorous
less than 0.05% and manganese less than 1.3%. Also, as discussed
above, in order to avoid the adverse effects of silicon on the
galvanized coating, silicon content in the steel should be in the
range of 0-0.04% or 0.15-0.25%. Steel with these recommended levels
should develop a normal galvanized coating. However, should the
composition of these elements fall outside any of the previously
stated ranges, the steel will most likely still able to be galvanized
provided that the Galvanizer is notified in advance of any deviations.
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